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Examinations, Imaging and Functional Tests in Urology

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History and Physical Examination

• History
• Physical examination:
  • General physical examination
  • Urological physical examination:
    • Examination of kidneys, ureters and bladder
    • Examination of the penis
    • Examination of the testis
    • Digital rectal examination
    • Pelvic examination

Urologic Laboratory Examinations

Blood tests

• Electrolytes
• Kidney parameters
• Markers of inflammation
• Diagnostic markers of heart diseases
• Diagnostic markers of liver diseases
• Coagulation tests
• Tumor marker:
  • PSA
  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Hormones:
  • Prolactin and hyperprolactinemia
  • Testosterone
  • Sexual hormon binding Globulin (SHBG)
  • FSH
  • LH
  • GnRH-Test

Urine Analysis

• Urine Analysis (1/3): sediment and dipstick
• Urine Analysis (2/3): urine culture
• Urine Analysis (3/3): 24 hour urine
• Urine cytology

Further Lab-testing

• Semen analysis
• Karyotyping

Imaging of the Urinary Tract

Ultrasound Imaging

• Principles of ultrasound imaging
• Principles of Doppler ultrasound
• Renal ultrasound
• Ultrasound imaging of the ureter
• Ultrasound imaging of the bladder
• Ultrasound imaging of the penis
• Ultrasound imaging of the testes
• Transrectal ultrasound imaging of the prostate
• Ultrasound imaging of the abdomen

Radiologic Imaging of the Urinary Tract

• Principles of x-ray imaging
• Abdominal x-ray (KUB)
• IVU
• MCU
• RUG
• Retrograde uretero-pyelography
• CT

Imaging of the Urinary Tract

• MRI
• renal scintigraphy
• PET

Urodynamic Studies

Signs and Symptoms

Index

Surgical management

Index: 1–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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References

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• Urology

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• Basics:
• Anatomy
• Signs and Symptoms
• Examinations
• Surgical Management
• Pharmacology

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• Diseases:
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Prostate
• Urethra
• Penis
• Testes
• Adrenal Glands
• Common Diseases
• Urologic Surgery

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• Miscellaneous:
• Index
• Abbreviations
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Last update:

Dr. med. Dirk Manski (E-Mail)