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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
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Definitions
The term “sexually transmitted infection” (STI) refers to a pathogen that causes infection through sexual contact, whereas the term “sexually transmitted disease” (STD) refers to a recognizable disease state that has developed from an infection (CDC Guidelines, 2021).
Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases
| Pathogen | Disease |
| HIV 1 or 2 (human immunodeficiency virus) | AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome), severe immune deficiency caused by an HIV infection |
| HAV, HBV, HCB | Hepatitis A, B and C can be transmitted through sexual contact. |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | Genital herpes |
| HPV (human papilloma viruses) | Condylomata acuminata, precancerous lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and Bowen disease. Squamous cell carcinoma such as cervical carcinoma or penile carcinoma. |
| Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) | Molluscum contagiosum (molluscum warts) |
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases
| Pathogen | Disease |
| Anaerobic intestinal bacteria | Bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginitis |
| Calymmatobacterium granulomatis in association with Klebsiella pneumoniae. | Granuloma inguinale: genital ulcerations and subcutaneous skin infection, occurring in the tropics. |
| Chlamydia, enterococci, streptococci, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, etc. | Non-gonococcal urethritis. |
| Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1–L3 | Lymphogranuloma venereum: genital ulcerations and inguinal lymphadenopathy. |
| Intestinal bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, etc.) | Diarrhea: due to fecal-oral transmission |
| Haemophilus ducreyi | Chancroid: Infectious disease with genital ulceration (Ulcus molle) and painful inguinal lymphadenopathy (Bubo) |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea: purulent urethritis |
| Treponema pallidum | Syphilis: chronic cyclical infectious disease that progresses in three stages. |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases caused by Fungal Infections
| Pathogen | Disease |
| Candida albicans and other sprouting fungi | Urogenital mycoses: Dermatitis, Balanitis, vaginitis |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases caused by Eukaryotes
| Pathogen | Disease |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | Urethritis, vaginitis |
| Phthirus pubis (pubic louse) | Pediculosis pubis |
| Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies mite) | Scabies |
| Balanitis | Index | Gonorrhea |
Index: 1–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: “Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Treatment Guidelines,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/STI-Guidelines-2021.pdf
EAU Guidelines "Urological Infections,” Available: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-infections/.
Treatment Guidelines of STD from IUSTI (International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections)
RKI-Ratgeber zu Infektionskrankheiten