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Penicillin: Mechanism of Action, Side Effects and Dosage

Penicillin is the naturally occurring β-lactam antibiotic, which is produced by molds and was discovered by Alexander Fleming (Nobel Prize 1945).

Mechanism of Action:

Penicillins inhibit the peptidoglycan synthesis of the bacterial wall: they bind to so-called penicillin-binding proteins (peptidoglycan synthetases) and inhibit the polymerization of the peptidoglycan and covalent cross-linking of the bacterial wall.

Antibiotic Spectrum of Penicillin:

Penicillins have a bactericidal effect on streptococci, meningococci, pneumococci, diphtheria bacteria, and treponema pallidum. Gonococci became increasingly resistant to penicillin.

Urological Indications for Penicillin:

Treatment of syphilis with benzathine penicillin G, treatment of neurosyphilis with high-dose penicillin G i.v.

Pharmacokinetics of Penicillin:

Side Effects of Penicillin:

Drug Interactions:

Probenicid inhibits renal tubular excretion and increases the serum concentration of penicillins.

Contraindications:

Allergy to penicillins. Intolerance to lidocaine with benzathine penicillin.

Dosage of penicillin:

One million international units (IU) correspond to 600 mg of penicillin.






Index: 1–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

References

Simon und Stille 1997 SIMON, C. ; STILLE, W.: Antibiotika-Therapie in Klinik und Praxis.
9. Auflage.
Stuttgart New York : Schattauer, 1997



  Deutsche Version: Pharmakologie und Nebenwirkungen von Penicillin